Adobe Photoshop
- Photoshop is a product of ADOBE and it is a professional image-editing tool. With Adobe Photoshop, we can create, edit, manipulate, digital image that can be used for web as well as other media. Mostly Photoshop is used to manage color information and enhance the image quality in digital imaging.
Starting Photoshop
Click on Start>>Programs>>Adobe Photoshop.
OR
Click on Start>>Run (Win key + R). Type "Photoshop" and click ok or press enterThe Photoshop Toolbox
If the Photoshop Toolbox is not visible, from the menu, select Windows>>Tools.
Opening an existing image
From the menu, select File>>Open or simply press "Ctrl+O" or double click on the Photoshop Document workspace. Select your desired image from the dialog box that appears and click Open.
Starting a new image document.
From the menu, select File>>New or simply press "Ctrl+N".
Image Size and resolution
In order to produce high-quality image, it is important to understand how the pixel data of image is measured and displayed.
Pixel Dimension
The number of pixels (points) aling the height and width of a bitmap image. The pixel dimension of the image plus the size and setting of the monitor on-screen determine the display size of an image.
Image resolution
The number of pixels displayed per unit of printed length in an image, usually measured in pixels per inch (ppi) or dots pwe inches (dpi). In Photoshop, you can change the resolution of an image. The default pixel resolution is 72 dpi.
Saving an Image file
In Photoshop, we always save an image for two purposes, editing and viewing.
For Editing Puprose
Click on File>>Save or Click on File>>Save As.
Type the filename and Save it in .odd extension. The odd file only opens in Adobe Photoshop.
For Viewing Purpose
Click on File>>Save As
Type your filename and Save it in .jpeg extension. The jpeg file opens in all computer.
Some Basic Photoshop Commands
Copy: Edit>Copy or Simply Press "Ctrl+C"
Cut: Edit>Cut or Simply Press "Ctrl+X"
Paste: Edit>Paste or Simply Press "Ctrl+V"
Undo: Edit>Undo or Simply Press "Ctrl+Z" (single undo)
Edit>Step forward or simply Press "Shift+Ctrl+Z"
Edit>Step backward or Press "Alt+Ctrl+Z" (multi undo)
Selection Tools of Photoshop Toolbox
Marquee Tool
The marquee Tool is used to make a selection over our image, which can be later copied, cut, coloured, moved or anything as we wish to. There are 4 different marquee tools, They are,
Rectangular marquee
The rectangular marquee tool is used to select the rectangular surface of the image.
Elliptical marquee
The elliptical marquee can selext any elliptical surface from our image.
Single row marquee
The single row marquee can select a single horizontal pixel from our image.
Single column marquee
The single column marquee can select a single vertical pixel from our image.
STEPS:
Open an image and select your desired marquee tools.
Click and drag over the image to make a selection. The selected area will appear inside flashing lines. Now you can copy/cut/move/paint/resize the selection.
Try different option on the tool options bar while making the selection. Also you can shift between the marquee Tool by pressing "Shift+M".
Lasso Tool
The losso tool is used to select an arbitrary shape, straight-edges as well as free hand segments from our image. We can select area of any shape with the lasso tool that is not possible by the marquee Tool. there are three types of Loasso tools.
a) Normal lasso tool: for normal selection
Method: simply click and drag over an image by holding down your mouse and end to the point from where you started.
b) Polygonal Losso: for selection of irregular pixels
Method: Consecutive click on all desired pixel value and end at the where you started.
c) Magnetical Lasso: for selection of regular pixels.
Method: Click and move your mouse around the area of interests and finish to the point from where you started.
3. Magic Wand Tool
The magic wand tool selects the adjacent pixels based on colour similarities. We have to specify the tolerance level for the color similarity of the magic wand tool selection in the range of 0-255 in the tool options bar.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the magic wand tool.
In the tool option bar, set the tolerance level to 25.
Click your magic wand tool in your area of interest. The similar connected pixels will be selected.
Shift + Click if u have to make multiple selection.
Deselecting a selection
To deselect a selection, right click with your selection tool and select "deselect" or simply press "Ctrl+D"
Cropping
The cropping operation is used for trimming or removing unwanted parts from the picture.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection using any selection tool.
From the menu, select "Image>>Crop". The parts outside the selection will be removed.
OR
Open an image and select the crop tool.
Click and drag the crop tool across the image.
Use handles on the cropping box to find tins your selection. The outside area of the cropping box will be trimmed off.
Double click or Press Enter to apply the crop tool.
Feather Selection
The feather selection option lets us make our selection look with fuzzy, feathered edges rather than hard ones. This is very helpful when there is a need of selecting an object from one image and to paste it into another.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection using any selection tool.
From the menu, select "Select>Feather" or simply press "Alt+Ctrl+D"
Enter an amount starting from 5 in the dialog box that appears and increase/decrease until the selection looks right to you.
Now Copy and paste that selection to view the feathered edges
OR
Open an image and select any selection tool.
In the tool options bar enter an amount starting from 5 in the "feather" box and make your selection. This action will automatically select your image with feathered edges.
Now Copy and paste that selection to view the feathered edges.
Image Transformation
a) Free Transform: Free transform is the widely used transformation in Photoshop. With free trainstorm, we can scale (resize) and rotate an image of a selection.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection using any selection tool.
From the menu, select "Edit>>Free Transform" or simply press "Ctrl+T". The selection now comes in a bounding box.
Now resize the selection by dragging the resizing handles that appear at the edge and rotate the selection by dragging the rotating handles that appear at the corners.
Double click or press enter to apply the transformation.
b) Resizing an Image/Canvas:
STEPS
Open an image that you wish to resize its size.
Right click on top bar and select Image size/Canvas size.
OR From the menu, select "Image>>Image Size of Canvas Size"
Edit the image/Canvas size setting and click ok.
c) Rotating Canvas
Open an image that you wish to rotate the whole canvas.
From the menu, Select "Image/Rotate Canvas/ 180',90' CW, 90' CCW, Arbitrary.
d) Skewing
The skewing operation in Photoshop places the selection obnext at an angle and also lets you slant an item vertotally and horizontally.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection.
From the menu, select "Edit>Transform>Skew".
Now twist your selection to all possible directions.
Double click or Press Enter to accept changes.
e) Distort
The distort operation stretches the selected object from our image.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection.
From the menu, select "Edit>Transform>Distort".
Now stretch your selection to all possible directions.
Double click or Press Enter to accept changes.
f) Perspective
The perspective transformation changes the viewing angle of the selection.
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection.
From the menu, select "Edit>Transform>Perspective".
Now twist your selection to all possible directions.
Double click or Press Enter to accept changes.
g) Manual Rotation of selection
STEPS:
Open an image and make some selection.
From the menu, select "Edit>Transform>Rotate 180'/90' CW, 90' CCW.
h) Flipping
The flipping operation in Photoshop reverses the order of an object.
Flip Selection Steps:
Open an image and make some selection.
From the menu, select "Edit>Transform>Flip Horizontal/Flip Vertical"
Flip Whole Image Steps:
Open an image.
From the menu, select "Image>Rotate Canvas>Flip Horizontal/Flip Vertical".
i) Liquify
The Liquify option in Photoshop is mainly used to have fun working with images. With the Liquify option we can bulge, shrink and swirl any images and creat a funny image out of it.
STEPS:
Open an image.
From the menu, select "Filter>Liquify" or simply press "Shift+Ctrl+X"
Now the image opens in a new window, which has different linquiry tools.
Select any Liquify tool and apply it in the image by simply clicking and dragging.
Click ok when done.
Color modes and Color models
Color models are the methods of defining Colours while modes are the methods of working with Colours based on color models.
Color models are as follows:
1) RBG (RED GREEN and BLUE)
The GEN is the highest quality of color model that most monitor/TV uses for display. In GEN model, the color values ranges from 0-255 and these values meassured the relative strength of color.
Eg:
R=255 G=0 B=0 Red
R=100 G=128 B=69 Green
R=0 G=0 B=255 Blue
R=0 G=0 B=0 Black
R=255 G=255 B=255 White
2) CMYK (Cyan Magenta Yellow Black)
The CMYK model is the midium quality of color model that is mainly used for printing purpose. In CMYK model, the color values are defined according to the % of CMYK.
3) HAN (Hue Saturation and Brightness)
Based on the human perception of color, the HAN model describes three fundamental characteristics of color.
Hue is the color reflected from or transmitted through an object. It is measured as a location on the standard color wheel, expressed as a degree between 0° and 360°. In Common use, hue is identified by the name of the color such as red, Orange, or green.
Saturation, sometimes called chroma, is the strength or purity of the color. Saturation represents the amount of Gray in proportion to the hue, measured as a percentage from 0% (gray) to 100% (fully saturated). In the standard color wheel, saturation increases from the center to the edge.
Brightness is the relative lightness or darkness of the color, usually measured as a percentage from 0% black to 100% (white)
Opening the color Palette.
To open the palate, from the menu, select "Window>Colors"
Changing the modes of image
STEPS:
Open an image whose color mode you wish to changs.
From the menu, select "Image>Mode>RGB/Grayscale/
Slice Tool
The Slice Tool is used to create slices from images, which an be later used to hyperlink with other webpages.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the slice tool.
Click and drag over the image to create slices as desired.
Right Click on the slice you have just created and select "Edit Slice". The Slice Option dialog box appears where we can give the slice's name, the web address and the tag. Click Ok
From the menu, select "File>Save for Web". Give the required name and location of the file and click save.
Healing Brush Tool
The healing brush tool let us to correct mistakes and disappear them within the image.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the healing brush tool.
From the tool option bar, select sampled from the source option.
Alt + Click to define the source pixel.
Simply click or drag across your image to replace your desired area by your selected pixels.
Patch tool
The patch tool is used to repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the patch tool.
Do one of the following
Drag in the image to select an area you want to repair and select source in the tool options bar.
Drag in the image to select the area from which you want to sample and select destination in the tool option bar.
Paintbrush and Pencil Tool
The paintbrush and Pencil Tool are used to create our own paintings strikes by our desired color. With paintbrushes we can create a painting strone from scratch and finally create our own design masterpiece.
Using the paintbrush/pencil tool
STEPS:
Start a new Photoshop Document or open an image.
Select the paintbrush/pencil tool.
In the Tools option bar, click on the downward pointing arrow next to brush field to select the brush size and brush type. You can also select the brush type and size by simply right clicking on the document window.
Using the opacity and flow control slider.
The opacity slider enables us to choose the transpancy and the maximum amount of paint coverage applied by the strength of the brush and also specifies how quickly the brush tool applies paint.
Click on the right pointing arrow next to opacity on the Tools options bar to enable a slider and slide it as desired. Similarly click on the right pointing arrow next to flow control to enable a slider and slide it as desired.
Now you can stroke paint as desired by simply clicking and drag.
The history brush option
The history brush is used to remove those color information that was added by any paintbrush/pencil tool.
Art History Brush
The art history brush tool let you paint with stylized strikes, using the source data from a specified history state or snapshot. By experimentiting with different paint style, size, and tolerance options, you can simulate the texture of painting with different colours and artistic style.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the art history brush.
Select the Size, Type, Opacity, Flow, and mode, style of your brush Rom the Tools option bar.
Now simply click/drag on your image to apply and art history brush
Clone stamp tool
The clone stamp tool takes a sample of an image, which you can then apply over another image or part of the same image. Each stroke of the tool Paints on more of the sample.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the clone stamp tool.
Select the size/type/mode/opacity/Flow of the tool from the Tools options bar.
Hold Down your Alt key and click on your desired color pixel to take it as the source.
Now simply click/drag the tool in your desired area to replace it with your source pixels.
Pattern clone stamp
Pattern is the default color designs that we can apply in our images. The pattern stamp tool lets you paint with a pattern. You can select a pattern from the pattern libraries or create your own patterns.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the pattern colon stamp
Select the size/type/mode/opacity/Flow of the tool from the Tools options bar.
Simply click/drag to apply the pattern in your image.
Erasers.
The eraser tool changes pixels in the image as you drag through them. There are mainly three types of erasers in Photoshop.
1) Normal Eraser: Erases everything with the background color.
Method: Click/Drag the eraser tool in your image.
2) Background Eraser: Erases almost everything and shows the transparent background.
Method: Click/Drag the background eraser tool in your image.
3) Magic Eraser: This tool erasers the connected color pixels that are similar to each other and shows the transparent background.
Method: Click with the magic eraser tool in your desired pixel. The similar connected color pixels will be erased.
The Gradient Tool
The gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple color. You can choose from present gradient fills or create your own.
STEPS:
To fill part of the image, select the desired area. Otherwise, the gradient fill is applied to the entire Active layer.
Select the gradient tool and select the gradient type, mode and opacity from the tool options bar.
Position the pointer in the image where you want to set the starting point of the gradient, and drag to define the ending point.
The Paint Bucket Tool
The Paint Bucket Tool fills a uniform colour in our desired area with foreground color.
STEPS:
Open an image or start a new image document.
Select the paint Bucket Tool tool and also select the fill type ( foreground colour or pattern), mode, Opacity opacity and tolerance of the tool from the tool option bar.
Click the part of the image you want to fill. All specified pixels within the specified tolerance are filled with the foreground color colour or pattern.
The Sumudge tool
The Sumudge tool is used to move paint and it works exactly like a finger. It can blend two or more colours and picks colour from wherever we started and can drag the colour to our desired direction.
But we have to sor city the pressure/strength of the snudge tool at the Tools option bar.
STEPS:
Open an image and select the smudge tool
In the tool option bar, Specify the pressure/strength of the smudge tool.
At 100% pressure, it wiped out the color.
At 50% pressure,it smears the color.
Now simply, click on your desired color pixel and drag it in your desired direction.
The sharpen tool
The sharpen tool fixes the tiny flaws and brings the item/object in the image into sharper/harder contrast.
The blue tool
The blue tool does exactly the opposite action of sharpen tool. It Blurs or softens the image and brings items/objects in the image to a lower contrast.
The Dodge tool
The Dodge tool is used to apply some brightness information on our desired area. It can make a selected area light.
The Burn tool
The Burn tool does the opposite action of the dodge tool, that is, it darkness our selected area.
The sponge tool
The sponge tool also darkens the image but it makes the image look dark or weak in color.
STEPS (sharpen/blur/dodge/burn/
Open an image and select any one of the above tools.
From the Tools option bar, select the Size, type, pressure, mode, and style of your tool.
Now simply click/drag the tool in your image to apply the effect.
Rectangle tool
The rectangle tool consists of a majority of shaping tools by which we can create our desired shapes like simple rectangle, rounded rectangle, ellipse, polygon, line and even custom shapes.
STEPS:
Open a new image and select your shape tool. From custom shape tool, you can select your desired shape from tool option bar.
Simply click and drag to crelate your desired shape. First, Photoshop creates a vectorbased shape. To convert the vector based shape we must convert it into Easter format.
Select the shape in the layers panel (Windows>Layer) and to convert it into Easter format, do any one of the following.
From the menu, select "Layer>Rasterize>Layer/Shape"
Right clink on the shape in layer panel and select "Rasterize Layer".
Now the shape is converted into an object.
The pen tool
The pen tool lets you create straight lines and smooth flowing curves with greater precisicon. For most users, the pen tool provides the best control and greatest accuracy for drawing.
STEPS:
Open an image or a new image document.
Select the pen tool and select either path or shape layers and style from the tool optiond bar.
Position the pen pointer where you want to begin to draw, and click to define the first anchot point. Click or drag to set anchor points for additional segments and complete the path by clicking on the point from where you started.
Layers
Layers provide a transparent framework in which we can organize our work with ease and greater flexibility. Creating content on separate layers provides great control over the objects, ease of work and manages effects individually. Using layers, we can make one layer visible while hiding others. Eveth image file has a background layer by default. A layer is created every time we add text, object. In the image.
The layers palette.
To open the layers palette, from the menu, select Window>Layer. The layers palette pops at the right of the Photoshop window.
Creating Layers
We can add layer to an image by any one of the following methods.
From the menu, select Layer>New>Layer or simply press "Shift+Ctrl+N". Give the name of the layer and click OK.
On the Layers Palette, click on the "Create New Layer Icon".
Renaming Layers
STEPS:
In the Layer' s palatte, select the layer, which you want to rename.
From the menu, select "Layer>Layer Proporties". OR right click on the layer in the layers palette and select "Layer Propirties".
Give the name of your layer. Also you can apply your desired colour to the selected layer.
Duplicating Layers
STEPS:
Select a layer, which you wish to duplicate.
From the menu, Select "Layer>Duplicate Layer".
OR
Right click on the layer in the layers palette and select "Duplicate Layer".
Give the name of the duplicate layer and click OK.
Removing Layers
STEPS
Select a layer that you wish to remove.
From the menu, select "Layer>Delete Layer"
OR
Right click on the layer in the layer palette edge and select "Delete Layer"
OR
Click on the Thrash Icon in the Layers Palette, or drag the layer to the Thrash icon.
Click OK.
Transferring One Image layer into another image file.
STEPS
First open at least tso images.
From the toolbox, select the move tool.
Simply drag the required image layer into another image file.
Conetting Background to Individual layer
STEPS
Double click on the background layer on the layers palette.
OR
From the menu, select "Layer>New>Layer from Background".
The new layer dialog box appears.
Give the required layer name, color, mode, and opacity and click OK.
Converting Selection as an individual layer
Open an image and select an area using any selection tool. From the menu, Select "Layer>New>Layer via Copy" or simply press "Ctrl+J".
Selecting a Layer
To select a layer, simply click on the deaired layer in the layer palette.
Auto Selecting Layer
We can automatically select layer without clicking each layer in the layers palette.
STEPS:
In a Photoshop Document with multiple layers, select the move tool.
In the tool option bar, make sure that the checkbox of "Auto Select Layers" is checked. Now you can automatically select individual layers.
Adding a fill layer
We can add a fill layer to color colour the entire background.
STEPS:
From the menu, select "Layer>New Fill Layer> Solid Color Colour or Gradidn't or Pattern".
In the dialog box that appears, select your desired color, gradidn't style or pattern style respectively and click OK.
Arranging layer Order
STEPS:
Click on the desired layer in the layers palette.
From the menu, select "Layer>Arrange> Bring to front/Bring Forward/Send Backward/Send to back" or Press Shift+Ctrl+] / Ctrl+] / Ctrl+[ / Shift+Ctrl+[
Click on the required arrangement choice.
Managing Layer's Visibility
We can make one layer visible while others invisible. To hide/show a layer, simply click on the eye-icon next to the desired layer in the palette. An enables eye-icon means the layer is visible otherwise invisible.
Locking Layers
We can lock layers according to our requirement. To lock/Unlock a layer, select the desired layer in the layers palette and click on the lock icon on top of it. An enables lock icon means the layer is locked and we cannot make changes over it, otherwise unlocked.
Merge Down layers.
We can merge or combine layers using the methe option.
STEPS:
Select a layer that you wish to merge.
From the menu, select "Layer>Merge" Down or simply click "Ctrl+E".
The selected layer will be merged with the layer below it.
Merge Visible Layers
We can merge the visible layers into a single layer using the merge visible option. Only those layers that are visible will be merged into a single layer.
STEPS:
First disable the visibility of the layers that you don't wish to merge.
From the menu, select "Layer>Merge Visible" or simply press "Ctrl+Shift+E"
Applting Layer Style
We can apply different style to our layers like dropping shadows, showing inbound shadows, outbound shadows as well as other effects.
To apply Layer Styles or Layer Effects to a layer, Follow the below steps.
Select a layer to which you wish to apply the effect.
Right click on the layer and select "Blending Options".
From the menu, select "Layer>Layer Style>Blending Options".
OR
In the layer's Palette, Click on "Add Layer Style" Button and select "Blending Options"
A new window for applying Layer Style appears.
Now we can apply our desired layer Style to our layer.
The different Layer Styles available are:
Drop Shadow
Inner Shadow
Outer Glow
Inner Glow
Bevel and Emboss
Satin
Color Overlay
Gradient Overlay
Pattern Overlay
Stroke
We can apply any layer Style and also manage effects of each style like the opacity, noise and the amount of style.
Press OK when done.
Using Filters
A filter in Photoshop provides us the option of applying the inbuilt Photoshop effects to our layers and objects. We can apply filters to individual layers or to several layers in succession to build up an effect. For a filter to affect a layer, the layer must be visible.
STEPS
Open a Photoshop Document and select any layer to which you wish to apply the Filter Effect.
From the menu, Click on Filter and select any filter type. A new Dialog box for your chosen filter appears. Apply your desired settings and click OK.
To apply the same effect more than once, simply press "Ctrl+F".
If you switch to another filter, then "Ctrl+F" will apply the new effect.
Applting Puzzle Effect to Images
STEPS:
Open an image in Photoshop, and enable the rulers first from "View>Rulars" or simply press "Ctrl+R".
Select the rectangular marquee tool and select an area from the image. Press "Ctrl+J" (or Layer>New>Laher Via Copy) to create a new layer from the selection.
Delete this precess and create six different rectangle the background is selected. Now delete the original image (layer).
Open the blending option for any layer and apply the following settings for Drop Shadow" and "Stroke".
Drop shadow Angle: 120, Distance: 5, Spread 35, Size: 15.
Stroke Size: 5, Position: Outside.
Now right the layer you applied the effect and select "Copy Layer Style". Then right click on another layer that doesn't have any effect and select "Paste Layer Style". Press "Ctrl+T" to each layer and adjust the setting. Now you should get the final image.
Creating GIF Animation
We can create animation using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe ImageReady. First we create a multi layered image in Photoshop and later we edit in ImageReady. In Adobe ImageReady the individual layers from a Photoshop image are first converted into frames. The frames are the basic block on any GIF Animation.
STEPS:
Open Photoshop and create multiple layered image.
Jump to Adobe InterEst by
File>Jump To>Adob ImageReady
Click on jump to ImageReady icon in the toolbox
Press "Ctrl+Shift+M"
Now the multi-layered image opens in ImageReady. First make sure that the animation panel is opened. If not, from menu, select "Window>Animation".
Click on the right pointing arrow on the animation panel and select "Make Frames from Layers". Now our layered image converts into frames.
You can select all the frames by "Ctrl+Click" and copy them from the same right pointing arrow of the animation panel and select "Copy Frames". Again from the same right pointing arrow, select "Paste Frames" and select "Paste After Selection" and click OK
Also you can preview the animation from the controls of the animation panel.
To save the animation, from the menu, select "File>Save Optimized", give your filename and Save it with .gif extension.
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